Akkadian Flashcards

Akkadian Flashcards

to accompany Huehnergard's Akkadian Grammar, 3rd ed.

aš, rum

aš, rum

aš, rum

be, bad/t/ṭ, til

be, bad/t/ṭ, til

be, bad/t/ṭ, til

be, bad/t/ṭ, til

dim, tim, ṭim

dim, tim, ṭim

dim, tim, ṭim

dim, tim, ṭim

dim, tim, ṭim

ḫal

ḫal

ḫal

ḫal

la

la

la

la

maḫ

maḫ

maḫ

maḫ

na

na

na

na

nu

nu

nu

nu

an

AN = šamû

DINGIR = ilum

determinative ᵈ before divine names

an

AN = šamû

DINGIR = ilum

determinative ᵈ before divine names

an

AN = šamû

DINGIR = ilum

determinative ᵈ before divine names

an

AN = šamû

DINGIR = ilum

determinative ᵈ before divine names

an

AN = šamû

DINGIR = ilum

determinative ᵈ before divine names

mu

MU = nīšum, šattum, šumum

mu

MU = nīšum, šattum, šumum

mu

MU = nīšum, šattum, šumum

mu

MU = nīšum, šattum, šumum

ag/k/q

ag/k/q

ag/k/q

ag/k/q

ag/k/q

en
EN = bēlum

en
EN = bēlum

en
EN = bēlum

en
EN = bēlum

gi, ge
SIG₁₇ in KUG.SIG₁₇ (GUŠKIN) = ḫurāṣum

gi, ge
SIG₁₇ in KUG.SIG₁₇ (GUŠKIN) = ḫurāṣum

gi, ge
SIG₁₇ in KUG.SIG₁₇ (GUŠKIN) = ḫurāṣum

ḫu
ʾu₅

ḫu
ʾu₅

ḫu
ʾu₅

ig/k/q, eg/k/q

ig/k/q, eg/k/q

ig/k/q, eg/k/q

ig/k/q, eg/k/q

ig/k/q, eg/k/q

nam

nam

nam

nam

ri, re, tal, ṭal

ri, re, tal, ṭal

ri, re, tal, ṭal

ti, ṭì

ti, ṭì

ti, ṭì

ti, ṭì

ti, ṭì

zi, ze, sí, sé, ṣí, ṣé

zi, ze, sí, sé, ṣí, ṣé

zi, ze, sí, sé, ṣí, ṣé

zi, ze, sí, sé, ṣí, ṣé

ab/p

ab/p

ab/p

ab/p

ad/t/ṭ
AD = abum

ad/t/ṭ
AD = abum

ad/t/ṭ
AD = abum

ad/t/ṭ
AD = abum

gur

gur

gur

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru

sa

sa

sa

si, se

si, se

si, se

ṣi, ṣe, zí, zé

ṣi, ṣe, zí, zé

ṣi, ṣe, zí, zé

ṣi, ṣe, zí, zé

šu

šu

šu

šu

ub/p

ub/p

ub/p

ub/p

ub/p

ub/p

um

um

um

um

um

um

as/ṣ/z

as/ṣ/z

as/ṣ/z

as/ṣ/z

as/ṣ/z

bi, bé, pí, pé
BI = singular suffix, nonpersonal referent

bi, bé, pí, pé
BI = singular suffix, nonpersonal referent

bi, bé, pí, pé
BI = singular suffix, nonpersonal referent

bi, bé, pí, pé
BI = singular suffix, nonpersonal referent

du, ṭù
RÁ in A.RÁ = adi

du, ṭù
RÁ in A.RÁ = adi

du, ṭù
RÁ in A.RÁ = adi

du, ṭù
RÁ in A.RÁ = adi

il

il

il

il

iš, ís/ṣ/z, mil

iš, ís/ṣ/z, mil

iš, ís/ṣ/z, mil

iš, ís/ṣ/z, mil

kum

kum

kum

tum, dum, ṭum

tum, dum, ṭum

tum, dum, ṭum

tum, dum, ṭum

tum, dum, ṭum

ug/k/q

ug/k/q

ug/k/q

ug/k/q

ug/k/q

úr

úr

úr

úr

úr

uš, ús/ṣ/z

uš, ús/ṣ/z

uš, ús/ṣ/z

uš, ús/ṣ/z

uš, ús/ṣ/z

uš, ús/ṣ/z

DUMU = mārum

DUMU = mārum

DUMU = mārum

DUMU = mārum

É = bītum

É = bītum

É = bītum

É = bītum

É = bītum

KUG.BABBAR = kaspum

ligature of ᵈ and EN in divine names such as ᵈEN.ZU

MEŠ or ^meš plural marker

MEŠ or ^meš plural marker

MEŠ or ^meš plural marker

MEŠ or ^meš plural marker

MUNUS (also read MÍ) = sinništum

MUNUS (also read MÍ) = sinništum

MUNUS (also read MÍ) = sinništum

MUNUS (also read MÍ) = sinništum

1

determinative ˡ or ᵐ or ᴾ before personal names

1

determinative ˡ or ᵐ or ᴾ before personal names

1

determinative ˡ or ᵐ or ᴾ before personal names

DUMU.MUNUS = mārtum

determinative of ^f or ^mi (or ^sal) before women's names and occupations

GEME₂ = amtum

SAG.GEME₂ also = amtum

GEME₂ = amtum

SAG.GEME₂ also = amtum

GEME₂ = amtum

SAG.GEME₂ also = amtum

GEME₂ = amtum

SAG.GEME₂ also = amtum

ÌR (also read ARAD) = wardum

SAG.ÌR / SAG.ARAD also = wardum

NITA(Ḫ)₂ = zikarum; in GÌR.NITA(Ḫ)₂ = šakkanakkum

ÌR (also read ARAD) = wardum

SAG.ÌR / SAG.ARAD also = wardum

NITA(Ḫ)₂ = zikarum; in GÌR.NITA(Ḫ)₂ = šakkanakkum

ÌR (also read ARAD) = wardum

SAG.ÌR / SAG.ARAD also = wardum

NITA(Ḫ)₂ = zikarum; in GÌR.NITA(Ḫ)₂ = šakkanakkum

ÌR (also read ARAD) = wardum

SAG.ÌR / SAG.ARAD also = wardum

NITA(Ḫ)₂ = zikarum; in GÌR.NITA(Ḫ)₂ = šakkanakkum

ki, ke, qí, qé

KI = itti

determinative ᵏⁱ after geographical names

ki, ke, qí, qé

KI = itti

determinative ᵏⁱ after geographical names

ki, ke, qí, qé

KI = itti

determinative ᵏⁱ after geographical names

ki, ke, qí, qé

KI = itti

determinative ᵏⁱ after geographical names

ki, ke, qí, qé

KI = itti

determinative ᵏⁱ after geographical names

KUG (also read KÙ) in

KUG.BABBAR = kaspum

KUG.SIG₁₇ = ḫurāṣum

(SIG₁₇ = GI; this log. also read GUŠKIN)

KUG (also read KÙ) in

KUG.BABBAR = kaspum

KUG.SIG₁₇ = ḫurāṣum

(SIG₁₇ = GI; this log. also read GUŠKIN)

KUG (also read KÙ) in

KUG.BABBAR = kaspum

KUG.SIG₁₇ = ḫurāṣum

(SIG₁₇ = GI; this log. also read GUŠKIN)

KUG (also read KÙ) in

KUG.BABBAR = kaspum

KUG.SIG₁₇ = ḫurāṣum

(SIG₁₇ = GI; this log. also read GUŠKIN)

KUG (also read KÙ) in

KUG.BABBAR = kaspum

KUG.SIG₁₇ = ḫurāṣum

(SIG₁₇ = GI; this log. also read GUŠKIN)

KUG.SIG₁₇ = ḫurāṣum

(SIG₁₇ = GI; this log. also read GUŠKIN)

SAG = rēšum

in SAG.DU = qaqqadum

Also in SAG.ÌR and SAG.GEME₂

SAG = rēšum

in SAG.DU = qaqqadum

Also in SAG.ÌR and SAG.GEME₂

SAG = rēšum

in SAG.DU = qaqqadum

Also in SAG.ÌR and SAG.GEME₂

SAG = rēšum

in SAG.DU = qaqqadum

Also in SAG.ÌR and SAG.GEME₂

še

ŠE = ûm

še

ŠE = ûm

še

ŠE = ûm

še

ŠE = ûm

še

ŠE = ûm

ud/t/ṭ, tam

UD (also read U₄) = ūmum

UTU = šamšum

ᵈUTU = Šamaš

BABBAR in KUG.BABBAR

ud/t/ṭ, tam

UD (also read U₄) = ūmum

UTU = šamšum

ᵈUTU = Šamaš

BABBAR in KUG.BABBAR

ud/t/ṭ, tam

UD (also read U₄) = ūmum

UTU = šamšum

ᵈUTU = Šamaš

BABBAR in KUG.BABBAR

ud/t/ṭ, tam

UD (also read U₄) = ūmum

UTU = šamšum

ᵈUTU = Šamaš

BABBAR in KUG.BABBAR

am

am

am

am

bíl, píl

bíl, píl

bíl, píl

bíl, píl

di, de, ṭi, ṭe
DI = dīnum
DI.KUD = dayyānum

di, de, ṭi, ṭe
DI = dīnum
DI.KUD = dayyānum

di, de, ṭi, ṭe
DI = dīnum
DI.KUD = dayyānum

di, de, ṭi, ṭe
DI = dīnum
DI.KUD = dayyānum

di, de, ṭi, ṭe
DI = dīnum
DI.KUD = dayyānum

DI.KUD = dayyānum

ga, qá

ga, qá

ga, qá

ga, qá

ga, qá

KÁ = bābum
KÁ.DINGIR.RA^ki = Bābilim

KÁ = bābum
KÁ.DINGIR.RA^ki = Bābilim

KÁ = bābum
KÁ.DINGIR.RA^ki = Bābilim

KÁ = bābum
KÁ.DINGIR.RA^ki = Bābilim

LUGAL = šarrum

LUGAL = šarrum

LUGAL = šarrum

LUGAL = šarrum

ne, bí, bil, pil, ṭè

ne, bí, bil, pil, ṭè

ne, bí, bil, pil, ṭè

ša

ša

ša

ša

ša

ša

šum

šum

šum

šum

šum

tar, ṭar
KUD in DI.KUD

tar, ṭar
KUD in DI.KUD

tar, ṭar
KUD in DI.KUD

ta, ṭá

ta, ṭá

ta, ṭá

ta, ṭá

al

al

al

al

e

e

e

e

gal, qal, kál
GAL = rabûm
É.GAL = ekallum
ká+gal, read ABUL (or KÁ.GAL) = abullum

gal, qal, kál
GAL = rabûm
É.GAL = ekallum
ká+gal, read ABUL (or KÁ.GAL) = abullum

gal, qal, kál
GAL = rabûm
É.GAL = ekallum
ká+gal, read ABUL (or KÁ.GAL) = abullum

gal, qal, kál
GAL = rabûm
É.GAL = ekallum
ká+gal, read ABUL (or KÁ.GAL) = abullum

gal, qal, kál
GAL = rabûm
É.GAL = ekallum
ká+gal, read ABUL (or KÁ.GAL) = abullum

is/ṣ/z, es/ṣ/z
GIŠ = iṣum
^giš before objects of wood and names of trees

is/ṣ/z, es/ṣ/z
GIŠ = iṣum
^giš before objects of wood and names of trees

is/ṣ/z, es/ṣ/z
GIŠ = iṣum
^giš before objects of wood and names of trees

is/ṣ/z, es/ṣ/z
GIŠ = iṣum
^giš before objects of wood and names of trees

kal, dan, tan

kal, dan, tan

kal, dan, tan

kal, dan, tan

LÍL in ^dEN.LÍL = Enlil

LÍL in ^dEN.LÍL = Enlil

LÍL in ^dEN.LÍL = Enlil

LÍL in ^dEN.LÍL = Enlil

MÁ (also ^gišMÁ) = eleppum

MÁ (also ^gišMÁ) = eleppum

MÁ (also ^gišMÁ) = eleppum

MÁ (also ^gišMÁ) = eleppum

mar

mar

mar

MÁŠ = ṣibtum
MÁŠ in MÁŠ.ŠU.GÍD.GÍD = bārûm

MÁŠ = ṣibtum
MÁŠ in MÁŠ.ŠU.GÍD.GÍD = bārûm

MÁŠ = ṣibtum
MÁŠ in MÁŠ.ŠU.GÍD.GÍD = bārûm

pa

pa

pa

ú

ú

ú

ú

ú

un
UN (also read UKU₃) = nišū
KALAM = mātum

un
UN (also read UKU₃) = nišū
KALAM = mātum

un
UN (also read UKU₃) = nišū
KALAM = mātum

un
UN (also read UKU₃) = nišū
KALAM = mātum

AMAR, in ^dAMAR.UTU = Marduk

ás/ṣ/z, áš

ás/ṣ/z, áš

ás/ṣ/z, áš

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

gàr, qar

gàr, qar

gàr, qar

gi₄, ge₄

gi₄, ge₄

gi₄, ge₄

gi₄, ge₄

i

i

i

ia, ie, ii, iu

ia, ie, ii, iu

ia, ie, ii, iu

ku, qú
TUKUL, ^gišTUKUL = kakkum

ku, qú
TUKUL, ^gišTUKUL = kakkum

ku, qú
TUKUL, ^gišTUKUL = kakkum

ku, qú
TUKUL, ^gišTUKUL = kakkum

ma

ma

ma

ma

ma

ra

ra

ra

ra

su

su

su

su

su

ṣur

ṣur

ṣur

ṣur

zu, sú, ṣú

zu, sú, ṣú

zu, sú, ṣú

zu, sú, ṣú

bar, pár

bar, pár

da, ṭa

da, ṭa

da, ṭa

da, ṭa

da, ṭa

DUB = ṭuppum

DUB = ṭuppum

DUB = ṭuppum

DUB = ṭuppum

DUB = ṭuppum

ERIN₂ (or ERIM) = ṣābum; ummānum

ERIN₂ (or ERIM) = ṣābum; ummānum

ERIN₂ (or ERIM) = ṣābum; ummānum

GUD (or GU₄) = alpum

GUD (or GU₄) = alpum

GUD (or GU₄) = alpum

GUD (or GU₄) = alpum

id/t/ṭ, ed/t/ṭ
Á = idum (also, Á.BI = idum)

id/t/ṭ, ed/t/ṭ
Á = idum (also, Á.BI = idum)

id/t/ṭ, ed/t/ṭ
Á = idum (also, Á.BI = idum)

id/t/ṭ, ed/t/ṭ
Á = idum (also, Á.BI = idum)

ir, er

ir, er

ir, er

ir, er

ka
KA = pûm

ka
KA = pûm

ka
KA = pûm

ka
KA = pûm

maš
MAŠ = mišlum
bar, pár

maš
MAŠ = mišlum
fraction: 1/2

maš
MAŠ = mišlum
fraction: 1/2

ni, né, ì (in ì-lí for ilī), lí (in ì-lí for ilī, be-lí for bēlī)
.NI = singular suffix, personal/divine referent
Ì = šamnum; in Ì.GIŠ, also = šamnum

ni, né, ì (in ì-lí for ilī), lí (in ì-lí for ilī, be-lí for bēlī)
.NI = singular suffix, personal/divine referent
Ì = šamnum; in Ì.GIŠ, also = šamnum

ni, né, ì (in ì-lí for ilī), lí (in ì-lí for ilī, be-lí for bēlī)
.NI = singular suffix, personal/divine referent
Ì = šamnum; in Ì.GIŠ, also = šamnum

ni, né, ì (in ì-lí for ilī), lí (in ì-lí for ilī, be-lí for bēlī)
.NI = singular suffix, personal/divine referent
Ì = šamnum; in Ì.GIŠ, also = šamnum

ni, né, ì (in ì-lí for ilī), lí (in ì-lí for ilī, be-lí for bēlī)
.NI = singular suffix, personal/divine referent
Ì = šamnum; in Ì.GIŠ, also = šamnum

ŠÁM = šīmum

ŠÁM = šīmum

ŠÁM = šīmum

ŠÁM = šīmum

ši, še₂₀, lim
IGI = īnum; maḫrum (maḫar - before names of witnesses), maḫrûm; pānum, pānū, pānûm; šībum
number: līm(i)/līmum, 1000

ši, še₂₀, lim
IGI = īnum; maḫrum (maḫar - before names of witnesses), maḫrûm; pānum, pānū, pānûm; šībum
number: līm(i)/līmum, 1000

ši, še₂₀, lim
IGI = īnum; maḫrum (maḫar - before names of witnesses), maḫrûm; pānum, pānū, pānûm; šībum
number: līm(i)/līmum, 1000

a

a

a

A.BA = abum

A.MEŠ = mû

A.NI = .NI

A.ŠÀ = eqlum

A.ZU = asûm

DÙ = banûm, epēšum
GAG in MAŠ.GAG.EN or MAŠ.EN.GAG = muškēnum

DÙ = banûm, epēšum
GAG in MAŠ.GAG.EN or MAŠ.EN.GAG = muškēnum

DÙ = banûm, epēšum
GAG in MAŠ.GAG.EN or MAŠ.EN.GAG = muškēnum

ḫa
ʾa₄

ḫa
ʾa₄

ḫa
ʾa₄

ḫa
ʾa₄

ḪA.LA = zīttum

Ì.LAL.E = išaqqal

kar

kar

kar

LAL (or LÁ) = šaqālum

LAL (or LÁ) = šaqālum

LAL (or LÁ) = šaqālum

LAL (or LÁ) = šaqālum

lam

lam

lam

lam

lum, núm

lum, núm

lum, núm

lum, núm

NÍG (or NÌ) (Sumerian for 'thing')
NÍG.GA = makkūrum

NÍG (or NÌ) (Sumerian for 'thing')
NÍG.GA = makkūrum

NÍG (or NÌ) (Sumerian for 'thing')
NÍG.GA = makkūrum

NÍG (or NÌ) (Sumerian for 'thing')
NÍG.GA = makkūrum

ŠÀ (or ŠAG₄) = libbum
A.ŠÀ = eqlum

ŠÀ (or ŠAG₄) = libbum
A.ŠÀ = eqlum

ŠÀ (or ŠAG₄) = libbum
A.ŠÀ = eqlum

ŠÀ (or ŠAG₄) = libbum
A.ŠÀ = eqlum

tab, tap
TAB in TAB.BA = tappûm

tab, tap
TAB in TAB.BA = tappûm

tab, tap
TAB in TAB.BA = tappûm

te, ṭe₄

te, ṭe₄

te, ṭe₄

te, ṭe₄

URU = ālum

URU = ālum

URU = ālum

URU = ālum

bu, pu

bu, pu

bu, pu

bu, pu

DAM.GÀR = tamkārum

dam, ṭam
DAM = aššatum, mutum

dam, ṭam
DAM = aššatum, mutum

dam, ṭam
DAM = aššatum, mutum

dam, ṭam
DAM = aššatum, mutum

in

in

in

in

ITI (or ITU) = warḫum

ITI (or ITU) = warḫum

ITI (or ITU) = warḫum

ITI (or ITU) = warḫum

li, le

li, le

li, le

li, le

lu
UDU = immerrum

lu
UDU = immerrum

lu
UDU = immerrum

lu
UDU = immerrum

lu
UDU = immerrum

šar
KIRI₆ (usually ^giš KIRI₆) = kirûm

šar
KIRI₆ (usually ^giš KIRI₆) = kirûm

šar
KIRI₆ (usually ^giš KIRI₆) = kirûm

šar
KIRI₆ (usually ^giš KIRI₆) = kirûm

SÍG = šīpātum

SÍG = šīpātum

SÍG = šīpātum

SÍG = šīpātum

tu, ṭú

tu, ṭú

tu, ṭú

tu, ṭú

us/ṣ/z

us/ṣ/z

us/ṣ/z

AGA = agûm
AGA.ÚS = rēdûm

AGA = agûm
AGA.ÚS = rēdûm

AGA = agûm
AGA.ÚS = rēdûm

AGA = agûm
AGA.ÚS = rēdûm

aḫ, eḫ, iḫ, uḫ
(in OB, aʾ, eʾ, iʾ, uʾ)

aḫ, eḫ, iḫ, uḫ
(in OB, aʾ, eʾ, iʾ, uʾ)

aḫ, eḫ, iḫ, uḫ
(in OB, aʾ, eʾ, iʾ, uʾ)

aḫ, eḫ, iḫ, uḫ
(in OB, aʾ, eʾ, iʾ, uʾ)

aḫ, eḫ, iḫ, uḫ
(in OB, aʾ, eʾ, iʾ, uʾ)

ANŠE = imērum

ANŠE = imērum

ANŠE = imērum

ANŠE = imērum

el, il₅

el, il₅

el, il₅

gu

gu

gu

gu

ḫar, ḫur, mur

ḫar, ḫur, mur

ḫar, ḫur, mur

ḫar, ḫur, mur

ḫi, ḫe, ṭà
ʾì
DÙG (also read DU₁₀) = ṭābum

ḫi, ḫe, ṭà
ʾì
DÙG (also read DU₁₀) = ṭābum

ḫi, ḫe, ṭà
ʾì
DÙG (also read DU₁₀) = ṭābum

ḫi, ḫe, ṭà
ʾì
DÙG (also read DU₁₀) = ṭābum

ḫi, ḫe, ṭà
ʾì
DÙG (also read DU₁₀) = ṭābum

ḪI in ḪI.A (also read ḪÁ; or as a determinative ^ḫi.a or ^ḫá) impersonal plural marker

im, em

im, em

im, em

im, em

kam, qám

kam, qám

kam, qám

kam, qám

kam, qám

LUKUR [munus + me] = nadītum

nin
NIN = aḫātum, bēltum

nin
NIN = aḫātum, bēltum

nin
NIN = aḫātum, bēltum

nin
NIN = aḫātum, bēltum

zum, ṣum, súm; ṣu

zum, ṣum, súm; ṣu

zum, ṣum, súm; ṣu

BÀD = dūrum

BÀD = dūrum

BÀD = dūrum

BÀD = dūrum

din

din

din

din

eš, ìš

eš, ìš

eš, ìš

LÚ = awīlum
determinative ^lú before men's occupations

LÚ = awīlum
determinative ^lú before men's occupations

LÚ = awīlum
determinative ^lú before men's occupations

LÚ = awīlum
determinative ^lú before men's occupations

LÚ = awīlum
determinative ^lú before men's occupations

mi, mé; ṣíl

mi, mé; ṣíl

mi, mé; ṣíl

mi, mé; ṣíl

nim, num

nim, num

nim, num

nim, num

ŠEŠ = aḫum

ŠEŠ = aḫum

ŠEŠ = aḫum

ŠEŠ = aḫum

úḫ

úḫ

úḫ

úḫ

úḫ

ul

ul

ul

ul

u (rare)
number: eš(e)ret/ešertum (10) or šuduš/šuššum (1/6)

u (rare)
number: eš(e)ret/ešertum (10) or šuduš/šuššum (1/6)

u (rare)
number: eš(e)ret/ešertum (10) or šuduš/šuššum (1/6)

wa, we, wi, wu
pi, pe (in southern OB texts)

wa, we, wi, wu
pi, pe (in southern OB texts)

wa, we, wi, wu
pi, pe (in southern OB texts)

ar

ar

ar

bur, pur

bur, pur

bur, pur

bur, pur

dur, ṭur, túr

dur, ṭur, túr

dur, ṭur, túr

dur, ṭur, túr

gir, kir, qir

gir, kir, qir

gir, kir, qir

ib/p, eb/p

ib/p, eb/p

ib/p, eb/p

ib/p, eb/p

kab/p
GÙB = šumēlum

kab/p
GÙB = šumēlum

kab/p
GÙB = šumēlum

kab/p
GÙB = šumēlum

kab/p
GÙB = šumēlum

me, mì
munus+me = LUKUR = nāditum
number: meat/meatum, 100

me, mì
munus+me = LUKUR = nāditum
number: meat/meatum, 100

me, mì
munus+me = LUKUR = nāditum
number: meat/meatum, 100

ṣa, za sà

ṣa, za sà

ṣa, za sà

^(giš)GU.ZA = kussûm

ù (in u 'and', ub 'or'; rare otherwise)

ù (in u 'and', ub 'or'; rare otherwise)

ù (in u 'and', ub 'or'; rare otherwise)

ù (in u 'and', ub 'or'; rare otherwise)

ur, lig/k/q, taš

ur, lig/k/q, taš

ur, lig/k/q, taš

ur, lig/k/q, taš

ZAG = imittum (a and b)

ZAG = imittum (a and b)

ZAG = imittum (a and b)

2 BÁN (or BÁNMIN) = 2 sâtum

2 BÁN (or BÁNMIN) = 2 sâtum

3 BÁN (BÁNEŠ) = 3 sâtum

3 BÁN (BÁNEŠ) = 3 sâtum

4 BÁN (BÁNLIMMU) = 4 sâtum

4 BÁN (BÁNLIMMU) = 4 sâtum

5 BÁN (BÁNIA) = 5 sâtum

5 BÁN (BÁNIA) = 5 sâtum

BÁN = sūtum

BÁN = sūtum

GÍN = šiqlum

GÍN = šiqlum

GÍN = šiqlum

GÍN = šiqlum

GÍN = šiqlum

MURUB₄ = qablum

MURUB₄ = qablum

MURUB₄ = qablum

MURUB₄ = qablum

number: šinip(ûm), usually fem. šinipiaāt(um) (2/3)

number: nēr/nērum (600)

number: nēr/nērum (600)

number: parasrab (also parab) (5/6)

number: šaluš/šaluštum (1/3)

number: šaluš/šaluštum (1/3)

number: šār/šārum (3600)

dar, tár, ṭár

dar, tár, ṭár

dar, tár, ṭár

dar, tár, ṭár

EME (ka x me) = lišānum

EME (ka x me) = lišānum

EME (ka x me) = lišānum

eš₄-tár (or EŠ⁴TÁR or IŠTAR) = Ištar (in personal names)

eš₄-tár (or EŠ⁴TÁR or IŠTAR) = Ištar (in personal names)

eš₄-tár (or EŠ⁴TÁR or IŠTAR) = Ištar (in personal names)

eš₄-tár (or EŠ⁴TÁR or IŠTAR) = Ištar (in personal names)

GÌR = šēpum

GÌR = šēpum

GÌR = šēpum

GÌR = šēpum

GÌR = šēpum

KÚR (also ^lúKÚR or LÚ.KÚR) = nakrum

KÚR (also ^lúKÚR or LÚ.KÚR) = nakrum

KÚR (also ^lúKÚR or LÚ.KÚR) = nakrum

PAD, in GÌR.PAD.DU = eṣemtum
ŠUKU = kurummatum

PAD, in GÌR.PAD.DU = eṣemtum
ŠUKU = kurummatum

PAD, in GÌR.PAD.DU = eṣemtum
ŠUKU = kurummatum

PAD, in GÌR.PAD.DU = eṣemtum
ŠUKU = kurummatum

tir

tir

tir

ÁB = lītum (rarely)
ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A = liātum

ÁB = lītum (rarely)
ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A = liātum

ÁB = lītum (rarely)
ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A = liātum

dag/k/q, tág/k/q

dag/k/q, tág/k/q

dag/k/q, tág/k/q

dag/k/q, tág/k/q

(gul not in OB), kúl, qúl

(gul not in OB), kúl, qúl

(gul not in OB), kúl, qúl

ÍD (also read I⁷) = nārum
^íd determinative before names of rivers

ÍD (also read I⁷) = nārum
^íd determinative before names of rivers

ÍD (also read I⁷) = nārum
^íd determinative before names of rivers

INANNA = Ištar

INANNA = Ištar

INANNA = Ištar

INANNA = Ištar

kán
IKU = ikûm, a surface measure

kán
IKU = ikûm, a surface measure

kán
IKU = ikûm, a surface measure

kán
IKU = ikûm, a surface measure

kán
IKU = ikûm, a surface measure

NUMUN = zērum
ŠE.NUMUN also = zērum

NUMUN = zērum
ŠE.NUMUN also = zērum

NUMUN = zērum
ŠE.NUMUN also = zērum

NUMUN = zērum
ŠE.NUMUN also = zērum

KASKAL = ḫarrānum

KASKAL = ḫarrānum

KASKAL = ḫarrānum

NA.RU = narûm

NA.RU = narûm

NA.RU = narûm

nir

nir

nir

ṣir, zìr

ṣir, zìr

ṣir, zìr

SIPAD = rēʾûm

SIPAD = rēʾûm

SIPAD = rēʾûm

U₈ (US₅) in U₈.UDU.ḪI.A (also read USDUḪA) = ṣēnū (or, less often, ṣēnum)

U₈ (US₅) in U₈.UDU.ḪI.A (also read USDUḪA) = ṣēnū (or, less often, ṣēnum)

U₈ (US₅) in U₈.UDU.ḪI.A (also read USDUḪA) = ṣēnū (or, less often, ṣēnum)

U₈ (US₅) in U₈.UDU.ḪI.A (also read USDUḪA) = ṣēnū (or, less often, ṣēnum)

U₈ (US₅) in U₈.UDU.ḪI.A (also read USDUḪA) = ṣēnū (or, less often, ṣēnum)

U₈ (US₅) in U₈.UDU.ḪI.A (also read USDUḪA) = ṣēnū (or, less often, ṣēnum)

kur, qúr, mad/t/ṭ
KUR = mārum, šadûm
det. ^kur before names of countries, mountains

kur, qúr, mad/t/ṭ
KUR = mārum, šadûm
det. ^kur before names of countries, mountains

kur, qúr, mad/t/ṭ
KUR = mārum, šadûm
det. ^kur before names of countries, mountains

NA₄ = abnum
determn. ^na₄ before words for stones, minerals

NA₄ = abnum
determn. ^na₄ before words for stones, minerals

NA₄ = abnum
determn. ^na₄ before words for stones, minerals

šim

šim

šim

GÚ = kišādum

GÚ = kišādum

GÚ = kišādum

GUN (or GÚ.UN) = biltum

GUN (or GÚ.UN) = biltum

GUN (or GÚ.UN) = biltum

ŠITIM = itinnum

ŠITIM = itinnum

ŠITIM = itinnum

BARAG = parakkum

BARAG = parakkum

BARAG = parakkum

BARAG = parakkum

GADA in NA.GADA = nāqidum

GADA in NA.GADA = nāqidum

GADA in NA.GADA = nāqidum

ḪÉ in ḪÉ.GÁL = ḫegallum

ḪÉ in ḪÉ.GÁL = ḫegallum

ḪÉ in ḪÉ.GÁL = ḫegallum

ḪÉ in ḪÉ.GÁL = ḫegallum

ḪÉ in ḪÉ.GÁL = ḫegallum

kib in ud.kib.nun^ki = ZIMBIR^ki = Sippar

kib in ud.kib.nun^ki = ZIMBIR^ki = Sippar

kib in ud.kib.nun^ki = ZIMBIR^ki = Sippar

NUN = rubûm

NUN = rubûm

NUN = rubûm

SANGA = šangûm
KAS₇ (or ŠID) in NÍG.KAS₇ (also read NÍG.ŠID) = nikkassum

SANGA = šangûm
KAS₇ (or ŠID) in NÍG.KAS₇ (also read NÍG.ŠID) = nikkassum

SANGA = šangûm
KAS₇ (or ŠID) in NÍG.KAS₇ (also read NÍG.ŠID) = nikkassum

KUN = zibbatum

KUN = zibbatum

KUN = zibbatum

KUN = zibbatum

GABA = irtum

GABA = irtum

GABA = irtum

GABA = irtum

SUKKAL = s/šukkallum

SUKKAL = s/šukkallum

SUKKAL = s/šukkallum

SUKKAL = s/šukkallum

SUKKAL = s/šukkallum

GIŠIMMAR = gišimmarum

GIŠIMMAR = gišimmarum

GIŠIMMAR = gišimmarum

GIŠIMMAR = gišimmarum

NÁ = eršum

NÁ = eršum

NÁ = eršum

NÁ = eršum

NÁ = eršum

SIG₄ = libittum
GAR₈ in É.GAR₈ = igārum

SIG₄ = libittum
GAR₈ in É.GAR₈ = igārum

SIG₄ = libittum
GAR₈ in É.GAR₈ = igārum

SIG₄ = libittum
GAR₈ in É.GAR₈ = igārum

UZU = šīrum
determ. ^uzu before words denoting parts of the body

UZU = šīrum
determ. ^uzu before words denoting parts of the body

UZU = šīrum
determ. ^uzu before words denoting parts of the body

UZU = šīrum
determ. ^uzu before words denoting parts of the body

Huehnergard Lesson 9

Huehnergard Lesson 10

Huehnergard Lesson 11

Huehnergard Lesson 12

Huehnergard Lesson 13

Huehnergard Lesson 14

Huehnergard Lesson 15

Huehnergard Lesson 16

Huehnergard Lesson 17

Huehnergard Lesson 18

Huehnergard Lesson 19

Huehnergard Lesson 20

Huehnergard Lesson 21

Huehnergard Lesson 22

Huehnergard Lesson 23

Huehnergard Lesson 23 (select numbers)

Huehnergard Lesson 24

Huehnergard Lesson 25

Huehnergard Lesson 26

Huehnergard Lesson 27

Huehnergard Lesson 28

Huehnergard Lesson 29

Huehnergard Lesson 30

Huehnergard Lesson 31

Huehnergard Lesson 33

Huehnergard Lesson 34

Huehnergard Lesson 35

Huehnergard Lesson 36

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Please send questions or feedback to jduguid@quaerendum.com

This site uses Oracc Cuneiform fonts, and uses images of signs from:

Harper, Robert Francis. 1904. The Code of Ḫammurabi King of Babylon about 2250 B.C.. Chicago/London. (link)
Ranke, Hermann. 1906. Babylonian Legal and Business Documents from the Time of the First Dynasty of Babylon, chiefly from Sippar. The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series A: Cuneiform Texts; vol. 6/1. Philadelphia. (link)
Goetze, Albrecht. 1947. Old Babylonian Omen Texts. Yale Oriental Series, vol. 10. New Haven.